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Posts Tagged capitalism

SHAKING LOOSE FROM THE SOIL

On Sports Blogging, Sports Journalism, and the Scary Fate of Humanity

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Alright, alright, fine. Blogging isn’t journalism. Lines divide the two fields. Professional journalists get paid, for example. Us amateur bloggers usually don’t. We toil in the nervous spaces between working on the internet and “working” on the internet, or between trips to Starbucks and withdrawing more trust-fund money. Journalists still use primary sources. Bloggers use secondary and tertiary and whatever-comes-after-that ones. We comment on comments on comments, re-chewing news to spew naval gazing or attention-grubbing opinions. At the same time, the wall between the two fields has become permeable. And in many ways it’s collapsing. It will probably never collapse completely – as long as publishing institutions continue to pay to produce reputation-staking news that requires professional resources to cover. But the forces of new media (the blogosphere being an important one) are changing the structure of our journalistic institutions. They are changing the way we relate to media and the assumptions we have about the way media works, or the way it should work. The sports and entertainment industries, the throbbing-money-crazed beasts that push the forefront of this mutation, for better or worse, might also be the first ones to create new and functioning institutional (or non-institutional) models. This is something to think about.

In this era of instantaneous information and entertainment, much of professional sports journalism requires performing the same task that bloggers do. As Richard Whittall points out in a post that sparked this one: “Most of what is written in your newspaper sports section is one part news, two parts commentary, because athletic events don’t usually require much parsing out. Player goes here for x amount of money, which may have y number of implications for each party involved.” Bloggers do the same, though typically with more creative or risky opinions because why not? Bloggers aren’t beholden to the demands of editors, readers, or even advertisers. But take a look at the increasingly blog-saturated web pages of many of the industry giants to see how much the two worlds overlap. Leading sports publications have even snatched up some of the most promising talents in the blogosphere to do what they once did for free for a little scratch, I assume.

Traditionally, when sports journalists do perform some actual journalism, ie. investigations into the sources of the entertainment, they rely on access – to locker rooms and press rooms and practice fields and athlete’s phones. Such access ensures privileged knowledge, leveraged to distribute to everyone else. But such access seems more and more limited due to the complicated relationship that modern athletes have with modern media. Much of this relationship hinges on the way athletes have become brands or products whose image means everything, their current and potential worth. So as not to undermine this precious image, athletes get told what to say and who to say it to. They make contrived public or commercial appearances. They speak in sound-bytes, clichés, saying everything while saying nothing, etc. Few reporters get any unscripted access to stars. (As a side-note, part of the reason why I enjoy soccer so much in America is that such a disconnecting and money-driven process of branding athletes hasn’t yet happened here in grotesque excess, with the exception of the whole Beckham saga. But it’s coming, as soccer gets more professional and lucrative in this country, however long it takes.)

To further disconnect journalists from athletes and further level the playing field between journalists and bloggers, new mediums of communication let athletes circumvent journalists’ questions. Twitter, for example, allows athletes to speak their minds in 140-character fragments about whatever they want, whenever they want. And anyone can access these juicy nuggets. Such a technology has the strange bi-product of making celebrities more and less transparent at the same time. Tweets can offer revealing insight into an athlete’s hobbies or head beyond what that athlete would likely package into a sound byte for reporters’ microphones. Athletes can share locker-room tidbits and off-the-cuff thoughts and even breaking news. But Twitter also empowers athletes to control and moderate what they reveal, hiding behind a wall of “Pumped for the game!” quips. Maybe such control is necessary and ideal for the modern media age, giving athletes private control over a public image that all-to-easily takes on a life of its own. But the unpredictable potential of such a technology also makes employing it a tentative process for leagues and marketing executives. For bigger leagues, Twitter still seems a risky prospect that warrants vetting. (“Yo bitches, I told yal coach was a knucklefuck, always playing Karl at crunch time even tho the donk cant shoot free throws for shit.” “Bet 10 g’s Karl won’t score double digs tonight. Any takers? Karl?” “Wanna know where Karl was last nite? … Those hoes in the East River. The bump on his head. I know the real story. Hold on. TO. I gotta act like I’m pumped…”) We’d like to believe that people have the common sense to moderate their private thoughts. But I’m not alone in my curiosity about where all of this is headed, particularly as we keep developing technologies that blur distinctions between public and private, truth and fiction.

To ease our fears about the impact of Twitter, the new Women’s Professional Soccer league has embraced social media tools as valuable ones for marketing and promoting transparent communication with fans. And so far the league has used these tools to popular effect, short of allowing live streams of the girls’ post-game showers, to connect fans with the players – or at least to make fans feel more connected. Players even tweet from the sidelines. However, I’m still waiting for some shit-slinging bitch-sessions to explode between girls on the same team, or even different teams. Has this happened? Can’t the league at least stage this for some more attention or ratings? Even within an extremely small and self-contained organization, these new technologies offer dangerous possibilities.

(A quick disclaimer: If I’m totally off base on all this it’s because I don’t really follow athletes’ twitter pages, yet. But I imagine that for many reasonable sports fans, following an athlete’s blogs or tweets feeds a weird desire to feel both more and less connected to these icons. Part of us wants to see the same vapid statements that athletes give on podiums that let us know that these people are professionals and they’re not telling us shit about their personal lives or what they really think, they’ll let their games do the talking thank you very much, praise God and mom and dad. We don’t give a shit, for example, what kind of toilet paper they’re buying. We want to keep our icons at a distance, as objects of infatuation that we can laugh at for being incredibly dumb or vane or mechanical. So we can believe that at least we have greater senses of self than these over-privileged and un-suffering deities. But the strange process of idolization also means we want desperately to relate to them, to get inside their heads. We want messages that let us know that they’re actually human, and sort of funny or weird or self-conscious, sort of like us. We do care about what kind of toilet paper they use. We want desperately to see into their private lives. Oh my god, Rooney hot boxes his wife under the covers too! I knew it. All of this boils down to the way our sports-crazed culture treats sports as the only drama that matters. Possibly as part of our human wiring we have an endless desire for our drama to be more entertaining and more real. We want suffering and destruction; we want comeback stories and hope. We want tales of larger than life parties or wagers with lamborghinis on the line; we want to see cracks of vulnerability and shame blooming beneath sponsor-perfect faces.)

On that note, the problem with so many internet-spawned tools for communication is that we use them for rumor, absurd reaction, and really just straight up bull shit more than anything else. We’re all mostly commenting on the entertainment that we consume, never mind the actual products. Most of us bloggers are just information-horny parasites licking the salt that trickles down to us from the ball-sacs of global media empires. We are all semi-conscious contributors to the giant circle-jerk that is the blogosphere, vying for attention while coming up with an occasionally salient nugget that will squirm around until it dissolves before tomorrow. But this is also the brilliance of the blogosphere and the internet itself. It gives everyone a voice. And with this voice we do, every once in a while, produce valuable and entertaining opinions that blossom and evolve in beautiful and unexpected ways. We are all responsible for the glistening and gooey and transient substance we produce.

This is exciting and scary. It’s also part of the reason why major newspapers and publications, and honest to goodness professional reporting, are collapsing. People go online for their news, especially for their opinions and up-to-the-second gossip about sports and entertainment, which the internet provides in grotesque abundance. David Byrne, former Talking Heads front-man and blogger extraordinaire, asks some worthwhile and prescient questions about this. In a post considering the collapse of major newspapers, he writes: “What will happen when most of the country has nothing but entertainment, gossip, and sports as sources of information? It’s a country ripe for takeover if you ask me. A place where public opinion can be easily manipulated as long as the consumers keep buying. Blogs and internet news sites can’t fill the gap, as they don’t have the resources to sustain a team of reporters working and digging into a story – sometimes for months before anything sees the light of day.”

At the risk of sounding like a raving socialist, I would argue that we’re already overtaken. The fact that we might soon have only one or two bonafied newspapers in this country (The New York Times and the Wall Street Journal) doesn’t scare me any more than the fact that a few media goliaths already own almost all of our information outlets. But it’s probably not all as bleak as Byrne and I have made it out to be. Although some conspiracists might argue otherwise, the media conglomerates do allow for a surprising diversity of opinion under their own umbrellas. Voices undermine them from within, though they still probably reap financial rewards from this.

I also have faith in the nature of the internet, an organ that functions to decentralize control and collectivize benefits. While empowering individual expression and autonomy, it also relentlessly promotes sharing, collaboration and collectivism. We don’t have words for the perfect coherence it creates between free-market trade and socialized cooperation. It can link us all to the information and opinions that we care about most. It empowers us to sort through the daunting diversity of opinion and information that exist. It makes us accountable for everything we consume and produce. This is an awesome prospect, except that essentially everything we consume and produce is virtual, noise, without any real attached value. This sucks. And this is the problem for many of us plying our trade on the world wide web, especially for all us unattached bloggers out there, the ones divorced from any nurturing media company that sells ads to stay afloat. Very few of us get paid anything for our contributions to the communal knowledge / bull shit farm. We don’t have equitable pay models for bloggers. And maybe we never will.

But the brilliance of this whole nutty socialistic experiment is that it’s up to us to try to develop such models, to determine the nature of networks or interactions that can be more democratic and collaborative and valuable than the ones we have now. The blogosphere, or the internet in general, does this naturally. It creates democratic networks organized around an interest or an aesthetic preference or the grossest fetish we can imagine. Within these networks, the voices that deserve to get heard can get heard. And for all the bullshit that blogs produce, they also create valuable noises, leading people to other valuable noises, until we’re on the verge of … whoops, another porn site. But how do we assign any real value to this racket and how do we even begin conceiving of distributing it? Or, are we even creating any real value if we’re only furthering masturbatory discussions on entertainment? Maybe we need to further change the way ads integrate with content and individual preferences, altering the way bloggers can benefit from advertising. Or maybe we need to divorce our publishing models from advertising. Or maybe that was the stupidest sentence ever written on the internet. Do I need to start whoring myself out to fund my writing hobby? Or do I need to give up blogging, get an actually valuable tooth-and-nail trade, and start actually talking to actual people again? Where are the answers? Geniuses? Google? Microsoft? Government? Computer? Did you just call me an idiot? Dammit.◊

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WHEN DO THE HEADS START EATING EACHOTHER?

When More Billionaires Own More Teams

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I view billionaires from kind of the same curious perspective I view species of mysterious origin and function, like tapir or rare slime molds. I have lots of questions: How did they get there? And what do they do? If I see one, will I know it? Generally, these questions don’t have easy answers.

A few billionaires grabbed headlines recently for buying complete control of English Premier League clubs. Real estate tycoon Dr. Sulaiman Al-Fahim bought out Portsmouth, and Texas investor Ellis Short bought Sunderland. I’d like to ask both of these fat cats lots of questions. More than questioning their history, I’d like to know why they wanted to buy a club. Why wouldn’t you is the obvious and appropriately pimp answer, but why? Do you like soccer? Is it really an investment? Is it a game? Is it because other billionaires are doing it? I want to know. Sadly, we never will. Rich men have too much at stake to be too transparent.

As we know professional players from the images that they project, so it is with owners. And these two magnates project very different public images. Ellis Short, well – in short – he doesn’t really have one. Try googling him. Last year, EPL Talk published an article entitled, “Who is Ellis Short?” that rehashes his bio on Wikipedia. After getting his start at General Electric, he made his billions through private equity and hedge funds etc. etc., the same way so many other Americans have minted fortunes that will never get truly revealed or investigated. Then he popped up sporadically in the news when his wife “threatened to have her gamekeeper shoot the dogs” belonging to a couple trespassing on the grounds of the hallowed Skibo castle, in Scotland, which the Short’s own. Essentially, though, Short is a ghost to the general public – flitting behind the pixels of stock tickers or around you on the ninth green of a course you only dream about.

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Dr. Al-Fahim cultivates much more of a “personality,” as Jamie Jackson of The Guardian puts it. Bursting into the limelight last year, the Dr. brokered the deal that saw the Abu Dhabi investor group take over Manchester City. He followed this with comical pronouncements about prying Fernando Torres from Liverpool and Ronaldo away from Manchester United.

“Ronaldo has said he wants to play for the biggest club in the world, so we will see in January if he is serious,” he said, suggesting an appropriate fee of around $240m, a drop in the bucket for the financiers.

Al-Fahim is an interesting case. At 31, he appears a pretty much a self-made billionaire, although it’s hard to tell where the money came from that he started investing in property at “age 14 under his mother’s name,” as Wikipedia states. A child chess prodigy, he currently heads the UAE chess association. He also has his hands in some monumental projects. He is a high-profile ambassador of the Intergovernmental Institution for the Use of Micro-Algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition (IIMSAM), an organization working to end world malnutrition. He’s also as a big player in the construction of Al Reem island, an island off the coast of Abu Dhabi that “offers you the unique amalgamation of the ‘vibrancy of a chic, urban metropolitan’ and the ‘rejuvenating tranquil that only a secluded island can provide,’” says its website over music I imagine accompanies the city’s maternity wards. A “city within a city,” it’s the “perfect place to live, work, and relax.” Apparently the Dr. is dedicated equally to enhancing the lives of the poor and the rich, as long as it enhances his own reputation.

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A la Donald Trump, the Dr. knows how to sell himself as equal parts goodwill and gangster. Like Trump, he has his own reality TV show, the Hydra Executives. An Arab spin-off of The Apprentice, the Dr. plays the Trump/God role – providing the contestants with tests of their business acumen to help him decide who gets fired. Despite the lower budget and production quality of this show vs. The Apprentice, the characters play for higher stakes. A British team of dimwits competes against an American team of douche bags until one winner earns a one-million-dollar-partnership with the Dr. in his new real estate venture, Hydra Properties, one of the “fastest growing real estate companies in the world.

I thought watching the Hydra Executives might give me a glimpse into Al-Fahim’s personality and the way he conducts business. But the Dr. remains a turbaned mystery for most of the show. The show does, however, reinforce his dual role as benevolent god and ruthless grim reaper. At the beginning of each episode he enters an airy boardroom, wearing a white headdress and a black headband, to give the contestants absurd missions. With deadpan gravity, he says, “You have to generate cash. You can do whatever you want to do as long as you’re using your vehicles. Americans you have the Denalis. British you have the Range Rovers. You have till tomorrow 5 pm. The team with the most cash wins.” After the characters bungle through the tasks and the Dr.’s associates determine the winner, the Dr. emerges from fogged darkness in a stretch limo to give the axe, or a pink slip, to one contestant.

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Like most reality TV I’ve ever watched, this show revealed next to nothing about its supposed topic (the real estate business), depressed me about humanity, and made frustratingly little sense (see below, 1.). But although the Dr. might get some criticism for being a part of such garbage television or for acting like a poor man’s Donald Trump, his part in the show is still genius for the way he leverages the show as a marketing device. The Hydra Executives primarily functions to promote the dazzling resources and reach of Hydra Properties in the UAE, one of the richest real estate markets in the world. The Dr. has the contestants working for the company for free – creating ads and securing contracts, but mostly name-dropping the company and generating buzz in front of however many millions watch or hear about the show.

What does all this mean? The Premier League, arguably more than any other sports league in the world, serves increasingly as a fantastical battleground for modern world magnates. And as more individual billionaires – as opposed to conglomerates – grab complete ownership of more clubs, as more so-called “swinging dicks” go head to head in an arena that is becoming a bigger and bigger business, I imagine that the personal characteristics of these owners will play an increasing role in the success and direction of their teams. Business style and clout will come to the fore more than ever. It will become Ambramovich vs. Al-Fahim as much as Chelsea vs. Portsmouth. I’m not sure if such battles have the charge to overturn the balance of the league, but we appear to be approaching that point.

Another big question is this: What does success mean to these owners? Is it staying in the black? Or is it winning championships? Because in the cutthroat world of modern soccer you can’t do both. The league’s ruthlessly capitalistic structure doesn’t allow it. Clubs need to win to make money. But clubs can’t win without spending themselves into debt. Something has to give.

Notes
1). Here’s the premise of the second episode of Hydra Executives, as delivered by the Dr.: “Each team will have to create a 30 second TV commercial for Hydra. You must create the storyboard and you have to star in it. I’m going to give you 15 thousand for your expenses. And you have to complete your mission in two days. The team with the best commercial wins.”

Both teams immediately hire professional production companies, which seem to make the entire commercial, although the producers of “Hydra Executives” try their best to make it look like the contestants themselves maintain creative control. The British team calls in a bigger gun, a NY Film Academy director named John Sammon, to make their ad. This, I assume, is the same John Sammon listed in the credits as the “Producer” of the entire show. And at the end of the episode the British team unveils a commercial that looks suspiciously like the opening montage to the show itself. Maybe this is a brilliant budget-saving device by the producer. It’s also ridiculous; the contestants “hire” the producer of the show to make an “ad” for the show he’s already producing. The American team takes more creative control of their ad, produce a laughable one that involves a woman on the team walking into the sunset, lose to the British team, and then have their doucheiest member defend the ad by saying “sometimes art is hard for common people to understand.”◊

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6 + 5 AND THE CELLING OF THE HIVE

Why FIFA’s 6 + 5 Rule Represents The Wrong Fight Against the Globalization of the World’s Most Global Sport

FIFA’s proposed 6 + 5 rule is supposedly gaining traction. The law would require club teams to start a minimum of six players eligible for the national team of the country in which they play. This would affect the way the world sees, plays, and relates to the game – in a scary, and undetermined, way.

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The guiding principles of the 6 + 5 rule puncture some of the softer spots in my already gooey emotional attachment to soccer. In theory, the 6+ 5 rule serves to improve the financial and competitive equality of club teams while protecting the national identity of those teams, and by association the identity of the national teams they feed. This sounds good. But the proposal doesn’t suggest a sensitive or realistic understanding of its own implications. Beneath FIFA’s ideal portrait of improved “equality” and “competition” lie vast questions about the proposal’s economic, moral, and cultural shortcomings. As FIFA and the European Union work out the crucial details and lawfulness of this proposal, maybe the argument will become more clear and convincing. Right now, it isn’t either, in principle or possible affect.

The 6 + 5 rule would shackle the international marketplace of soccer by design. I doubt that placing such limitations on the marketplace will produce any more financial equality than the current capitalistic system of club management. How will requiring club teams to field a certain number of homegrown players force the managers of these clubs to make more frugal investments in players? Won’t the biggest and richest clubs still buy whichever players they want? Without implementing spending caps or more economic-driven incentives, FIFA seems powerless to change the deep-rooted financial inequalities of clubs. As opposed to making more frugal expenditures, big clubs will pay inflated prices for homegrown talent. Market inefficiencies will balloon. More than fans or bottom table club teams, the big winners will be vastly overpaid English players – the Michael Owens and Darren Bents – who will benefit from their noble birthplace and bidding wars that make me sick even imagining.

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Blatter seems to have his heart in the right place. He wants clubs to focus their resources inwards, on what should be the roots of their success, on developing players and national identity instead of on buying the best available talent. Overtime, this might produce more parity in domestic leagues, as more clubs develop and keep better domestic players. But how will this work when the roots of any club’s success are so clearly tied to capital? To change the roots of success, FIFA will need to change the form, or the rules, of club’s development systems. So I wonder: in addition to the 6 + 5 rule will FIFA need to include additional stipulations that wed players more completely to the clubs whose development academies they train under? Will the richest clubs start vying for national talents at younger and younger ages? Will clubs need to start signing players before grade school to best protect their assets? I worry about the gross culture of speculation and ownership such policies might accelerate.

I’m not saying that the current capitalist player-market is without its own gross inefficiencies. Inequalities in spending cash produce reckless, imprudent investments. The war-chest-sized budgets possessed by clubs like Chelsea and Manchester City have caused salaries to balloon worldwide. And that these clubs operate at losses causes concern about the economic stability of the marketplace they are producing.

There are other ways that FIFA might encourage clubs to spend more prudently and equally that don’t involve limiting players’ mobility. American policies like salary caps and revenue sharing, ironic in their anti-capitalist purpose, come to mind. Another innovative policy I’ve seen thrown around in forums is that of a “Deficit-Free Incentive,” which would reward clubs financially for prudent spending and staying in the black. For these policies to work, however, multiple different teams and leagues with vastly different budgets would need to accept the same stipulations – an unlikely event. Also, more budget-equalizing policies would loosen the stranglehold that the richest teams have on European and domestic titles. While FIFA representatives suggest they want this, proposing the 6 + 5 rule as evidence, I’m not so sure they mean it. The 6 + 5 rule might create more parity, over the long term and only with additional stipulations that castrate clubs’ spending power, or it might not. Also, losing the biggest teams from the Champions League would mean revenue losses from those teams, and therefore losses for FIFA, which depends on the cash-generating powers of those teams.

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The main argument for the 6 + 5 rule seems an emotional or moral one rather than an economic one. As Blatter suggests, the proposal would give identity and autonomy back to nation’s players and fans. Or, as Jose Mourinho says in a recent ESPN interview: “The world is global. Football is global. We cannot be too much concerned about nationalities, but I think the clubs, they must invest in their formation, in players made in the club, made in the country. I think this is also about the empathy between the team and the fans.” Mourinho, ever-political, saying nothing while saying everything, adroitly points to the tenuous balance that the proposal tries to strike between the necessity of national identity and the centrifugal forces of global appeal. Investing in national players and styles would help preserve the unique and beautiful cultures of the game. If more local players played for local teams, then local fans would feel more connected to their club and their homegrown players. At the same time, however, focusing on national culture leaves clubs disconnected from the real, world-wide marketplace.

This recalls the “Eat Local” Food movement, except it deals with humans and not vegetables. This is the problem. The nationalism that the law promotes inevitably produces an inequality of opportunity, a value that lies at the heart of the democratic world. As Brian Phillips points out in his brilliant blog, The Run of Play, the 6 + 5 rule would prevent an African or Asian player from getting the same “money, fame, and glory” as a less-talented European player simply by an “accident of birth.”

There’s also a major aesthetic argument against 6 + 5, and this is that it would immediately decrease the quality of the game at the highest level. The best clubs in the world have pooled the best talent money can buy. This talent, gelling and flowing together, produces mesmerizing soccer. The Big Four all play it on their day. And Barcelona, at least right now, plays it almost every time they step on the field. Sabotaging the talent pool’s of major clubs would lower the pinnacle of play, at least in the short term. How could FIFA divest world eyes of the highest quality game once these eyes have already seen such angelic purity of form? Is such brilliance really wrong?

The argument for lessening clubs’ talent in the short term relies on the theory that national talent will increase in the long term. Blatter suggests that redistributing the most talented players back to the clubs of their home nations will benefit the level of competition in these nations, which will produce more good players. I’m not so sure. This might be true in nations with weaker domestic leagues. But at the highest level, maintaining competition requires gathering world talent. If a nation’s best are competing against more of the nation’s best, instead of against the world’s best, how is this good for competition, and for the overall evolution of the game?

Blatter is right to point to the fading identities of clubs and national teams. This has been happening for a while. Arsenal, for example, plays with style that rejects longtime English directness and aerial attacks. They have only a few English players on their roster. They have many more fans outside of England than inside. In a way, this is sad. One of the aspects of soccer I enjoy most is the way it informs, and is informed by, national cultures. Different nations play with different styles – they identify to soccer differently.

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But I question if preserving national identity and cultural autonomy is possible in such a globalized sport. One could make a strong argument that soccer serves as one of the most globalizing forces in the world, right behind the internet itself. More than any other game on earth, soccer causes cultures to collide and interweave. It accelerates diversity and erodes national barriers to communication. For most of us, soccer has made us more aware of foreign cultures, languages, and peoples. Such awareness, placed in global context, makes us more sensitive to our own individual and cultural identity.

I fear that a law that functions to preserve nationalism indirectly, by placing strictures on players’ international mobility, stunts the game’s power to connect us all. Preserving national identity is important, but FIFA needs to rework its policy so that it more positively affects the roots of the game, more directly affects financial and competitive equality. As it stands, the proposed 6 + 5 rule would do more harm to the global game than good for any national one.◊

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